Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a severe lung-related complication of sickle cell disease that affects both children and adults.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious lung condition that causes low blood oxygen. People who develop ARDS are usually ill due to another disease or a major injury. In ARDS, fluid builds up inside the tiny air sacs of the lungs, and surfactant breaks down.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency increases an individual’s risk for COPD. The deficiency is an inherited genetic condition with no cure.

Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. Prolonged exposure to these fibers can cause lung tissue scarring and shortness of breath. Asbestosis symptoms can range from mild to severe, and usually don’t appear until many years after initial exposure.leukoencephalopathy (PML); and psychological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Aspergillosis is an infection caused by a type of mold (fungus). The illnesses resulting from aspergillosis infection usually affect the respiratory system, but their signs and severity vary greatly. The mold that triggers the illnesses, aspergillus, is everywhere — indoors and outdoors.

Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease (NCD), affecting both children and adults, and is the most common chronic disease among children. Inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs cause asthma symptoms, which can be any combination of cough, wheeze, shortness of breath and chest tightness.

Atelectasis is a condition where alveoli in your lung or a part of your lung deflates, causing a partial or complete collapsed lung.

Bronchiectasis is a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection.

Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in young children and infants. It causes swelling and irritation and a buildup of mucus in the small airways of the lung. These small airways are called bronchioles. Bronchiolitis is almost always caused by a virus.

Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare chronic disease that worsens over time. This disease was first discovered in workers at a microwave popcorn plant who had inhaled the flavoring chemical diacetyl. Thus, the bronchiolitis obliterans became known as ‘popcorn lung’.

Bronchitis (Acute) is usually caused by a viral infection and goes away on its own in a few weeks. Most people don’t need treatment for acute bronchitis.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia the result of a newborn’s lungs not developing normally while the baby is growing in the womb, or not developing fully if the baby was born premature. Babies with BPD have fragile lungs that can be easily irritated or inflamed after birth. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) lung damage.

Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is defined as a productive cough of more than 3 months occurring within a span of 2 years. Patients typically present with chronic productive cough, malaise, and symptoms of excessive coughing, such as chest or abdominal pain.

Chronic cough is a persistent cough that lasts 8 weeks or longer in adults, while subacute cough usually lasts 3 to 8 weeks, and acute cough typically lasts for <3. weeks. [1] Chronic cough is a widespread yet underappreciated condition that imposes substantial illness on affected individuals.

Chronic Lung Disease is a common lung disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems. It is sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis. In people with COPD, the lungs can get damaged or clogged with phlegm.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare and potentially fatal form of elevated blood pressure in the lungs (known as pulmonary hypertension). It occurs when blood vessels in the lung have been blocked by a clot for a long time.

Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), commonly known as “black lung disease,” occurs when coal dust is inhaled. Over time, continued exposure to the coal dust causes scarring in the lungs, impairing your ability to breathe. Considered an occupational lung disease, it is most common among coal miners.

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COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a condition caused by damage to the airways or other parts of the lung that blocks airflow and makes it hard to breathe.

Valley fever (also called coccidioidomycosis or “cocci”) is a disease caused by a fungus that grows in the soil and dirt in some areas of California and the southwestern United States. People and animals can get sick when they breathe in dust that contains the Valley fever fungus.

Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV-2. It can be very contagious and spreads quickly.

Common cold is an infection of your nose, sinuses, throat and windpipe. Colds spread easily, especially within homes, classrooms and workplaces. More than 200 different viruses can cause colds. There’s no cure for a common cold, but it usually goes away within a week to 10 days.

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is a form of interstitial lung disease where the small airways (bronchioles) and alveoli (tiny air sacs) become inflamed, leading to difficulty breathing and flu-like illness.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body.

E-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) is a severe pulmonary illness associated with the use of e-cigarettes or vaping.

Emphysema is a lung disease that results from damage to the walls of the alveoli in your lungs. A blockage (obstruction) may develop, which traps air inside your lungs. If you have too much air trapped in your lungs, your chest may appear fuller or have a barrel-chested appearance.

Enteroviruses are a class of viruses comprising over 300 serotypes.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an extremely rare form of vasculitis, characterized by inflammation within small blood vessels. This inflammation results in blood flow restriction, which can cause organ damage throughout the body if left untreated. EGPA is a serious, but treatable disease.

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare yet serious pulmonary condition marked by pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and hypotension. HPS is caused by viruses of the Orthohantavirus genus and the Hantaviridae family. HPS presents with fevers, myalgia, and severe respiratory compromise, with up to 40% mortality.

Histoplasmosis is a lung infection caused by breathing in Histoplasma, a fungus. Histoplasma lives in the environment in parts of the United States and the world. Most of the time when people breathe in the fungal spores, they do not get sick.

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that usually causes symptoms similar to a cold. You might cough or wheeze, have a runny nose or a sore throat.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis happens when you breathe in specific substances (allergens) that cause your body to have an allergic reaction. This is commonly an occupational disease that can be treated by avoiding exposure to the allergen.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious chronic (long term) disease that affects the tissue surrounding the air sacs, or alveoli, in the lungs. This condition develops when that lung tissue becomes thick and stiff for unknown reasons.

Infectious Lung Diseases are caused by germs – viruses, bacteria, or other pathogenic microbes.

Influenza (Flu). Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. The scarring causes stiffness in the lungs which makes it difficult to breathe and get oxygen to the bloodstream. Lung damage from ILDs is often irreversible and gets worse over time.

Legionnaires’ disease is a severe form of pneumonia — lung inflammation usually caused by infection. It’s caused by a bacterium known as legionella.

Long COVID is defined as a chronic condition that occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is present for at least 3 months.

Lung cancer is cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells that line the air passages. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. There are two main types: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These two types grow differently and are treated differently.

LAM is a rare lung disease that affects women almost exclusively. LAM is characterized by an abnormal growth of smooth muscle cells, especially in the lungs.

MAC Lung Disease is a serious condition that can cause damage to the lungs. MAC infection is not contagious. Common signs and symptoms of MAC lung disease include fatigue, chronic cough, shortness of breath, night sweats, coughing up blood and weight loss.

Mesothelioma is a rare condition that involves tumors growing in the mesothelium. This tissue covers the lungs, the heart and reproductive organs, as well as forming a cavity for the abdomen and those organs.

Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

NTM Lung Disease causes scarring, fibrosis and the formation of cavities or pits in the lung tissue. This damage can lead to respiratory failure. This form is most commonly found in people with a smoking history who also have existing lung disease such as COPD or bronchiectasis.

Occupational Lung Diseases are lung problems that are caused by certain work environments. They are caused by breathing materials into the lungs.

Parvovirus B19 causes parvovirus infection. This is different from the parvovirus seen in dogs and cats.

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.

Pneumonia is inflammation and fluid in your lungs caused by a bacterial, viral or fungal infection. It makes it difficult to breathe and can cause a fever and cough with yellow, green or bloody mucus. The flu, COVID-19 and pneumococcal disease are common causes of pneumonia.

Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lungs occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse. A pneumothorax can be a complete lung collapse or a collapse of only a portion of the lung.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is caused by genetic mutations that affect the tiny hairline cilia in the lungs, nose and ears, impairing their ability to remove germs and pollutants, and allowing mucus buildup and infection.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease involving surfactant accumulation within the alveoli resulting from decreased clearance, rather than increased production. This condition can be congenital, secondary, or autoimmune.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one form of a broader condition known as pulmonary hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the lungs. In PAH, this increased pressure in the vessels is caused by obstruction in the small arteries in the lung for a variety of reasons.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. It usually happens when a blood clot breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. PE is a serious condition that can cause: Permanent damage to the lungs. Low oxygen levels in your blood.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease that occurs when lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred. This thickened, stiff tissue makes it harder for the lungs to work properly. Pulmonary fibrosis worsens over time. Some people can stay stable for a long time, but the condition gets worse faster in others.

Pulmonary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of the heart. In one form of pulmonary hypertension, called pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), blood vessels in the lungs are narrowed, blocked or destroyed.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common virus that infects the nose, throat, lungs, and breathing passages.

Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by the growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in any part of your body — most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes. But it can also affect the eyes, skin, heart and other organs.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a serious form of pneumonia. Infection with the SARS virus causes acute respiratory distress (severe breathing difficulty), and sometimes death.

Silicosis is a long-term lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline silica dust, usually over many years. Silica is a substance naturally found in certain types of stone, rock, sand and clay. Working with these materials can create a very fine dust that can be easily inhaled.

Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious illness that mainly affects the lungs. The germs that cause tuberculosis are a type of bacteria. Tuberculosis can spread when a person with the illness coughs, sneezes or sings. This can put tiny droplets with the germs into the air.